Me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ka helu o nā mea IoT, ua lilo ka kamaʻilio a i ʻole ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau mea i mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai.He mea maʻamau a koʻikoʻi ke kamaʻilio no ka Pūnaewele o nā Mea.ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻouna kelepona pōkole pōkole paha a i ʻole ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio kelepona, pili ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Internet of Things.Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana, he mea koʻikoʻi ka protocol kamaʻilio, a ʻo ia nā lula a me nā kuʻina e pono ai nā hui ʻelua e hahai e hoʻopau i ka kamaʻilio a i ʻole lawelawe.Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i kekahi mau protocol kamaʻilio IoT i loaʻa, he ʻokoʻa ka hana, ka helu data, ka uhi, ka mana a me ka hoʻomanaʻo, a ʻo kēlā me kēia protocol kona pono ponoʻī a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole.ʻO kekahi o kēia mau protocols kamaʻilio kūpono wale no nā lako hale liʻiliʻi, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā papahana kūlanakauhale akamai nui.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā protocols kamaʻilio o ka Internet of Things i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, ʻo kekahi ka protocol access, a ʻo kekahi ka protocol communication.ʻO ka protocol access ke kuleana maʻamau no ka pūnaewele a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā mea hana ma ka subnet;ʻO ka protocol communication ka mea nui o ka protocol communication device e holo ana ma ka Internet TCP/IP protocol kuʻuna, nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻololi ʻikepili a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā mea hana ma o ka Pūnaewele.
1. Kūkākūkā kelepona lōʻihi
(1) 2G/3G/4G pili i ka lua, ke kolu, a me ka ha o ka hanauna o ka nenoaiu kelepona paahana.
(2)NB-IoT
Ua lilo ka Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-iot) i lālā koʻikoʻi o ka Internet of Everything.
Kūkulu ʻia ma nā pūnaewele kelepona, hoʻopau ka nb-iot ma kahi o 180kHz wale nō o ka bandwidth a hiki ke kau pololei ʻia ma nā pūnaewele GSM, UMTS a i ʻole LTE e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻolālā a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi maʻalahi.
Nānā ʻo Nb-iot i ka mākeke haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ākea (LPWA) Internet of Things (IoT) mākeke a he ʻenehana hou e hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka uhi ākea, nā pilina he nui, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi: Hāʻawi ka pūnaewele nB-iot i nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka kaʻa naʻauao, ke kaua ahi akamai, ka wai naʻauao, nā kukui alanui naʻauao, nā kaʻa kaʻa like a me nā mea hana home akamai, etc.
(3)5G
ʻO ka lima o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio kelepona ʻo ia ka hanauna hou loa o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio kelepona paʻalima.
ʻO nā pahuhopu hoʻokō o 5G he mau helu ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe, hoʻemi ʻia ka latency, mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, haʻahaʻa koina, hoʻonui i ka mana ʻōnaehana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hāmeʻa nui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi: AR / VR, Pūnaewele o nā kaʻa, hana akamai, ikehu akamai, lāʻau lapaʻau uila, ʻoliʻoli home uila, UAV i hoʻohui ʻia, ULTRA HIGH wehewehe / hoʻolaha ola panoramic, kōkua AI pilikino, kūlanakauhale akamai.
2. lōʻihi lōʻihi non-cellular kamaʻilio
(1)WiFi
Ma muli o ka kaulana wikiwiki o nā mea hoʻokele WiFi home a me nā kelepona akamai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka protocol WiFi ma ke kahua o ka home akamai.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ZigBee, ʻo ka hoʻolālā home akamai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka protocol Wifi e hoʻopau i ka pono o nā ʻīpuka hou.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka protocol Bluetooth, hoʻopau ia i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā terminal mobile e like me nā kelepona paʻalima.
ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka WiFi pāʻoihana ma nā kaʻa lehulehu o ke kūlanakauhale, nā hale kūʻai kūʻai a me nā wahi ākea ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ʻia i ka hiki ke noi o nā hiʻohiʻona WiFi ʻoihana.
(2) ZigBee
ʻO ZigBee kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kākoʻo i ka nui o nā nodes pūnaewele, kākoʻo i nā ʻano topology pūnaewele. , haʻahaʻa paʻakikī, wikiwiki, hilinaʻi a palekana.
ʻO ka ʻenehana ZigBee kahi ʻano ʻenehana hou, i puka hou mai nei.Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ia i ka pūnaewele uea no ka hoʻouna ʻana.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka pilina uea ma kahi kokoke a pili i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio pūnaewele uea.
ʻO nā pono kūpono o ka ʻenehana ZigBee e lilo ia i ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele o nā mea a loaʻa nā noi nui i ka ʻoihana, ka mahiʻai, ka home akamai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
(3)LoRa
ʻO LoRa (LongRange, LongRange) kahi ʻenehana modulation e hāʻawi ana i nā mamao kamaʻilio lōʻihi ma mua o nā ʻenehana like. ʻokoʻa ka manawa o ka hōʻea ʻana no ka geolocation. Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi o ke kūlana LoRa: ke kūlanakauhale akamai a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaʻa, ka mika a me ka logistic, ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mahiʻai.
3. NFC (kokoke kahua kamaʻilio)
(1)RFID
ʻO ka Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) he pōkole no ka Radio Frequency Identification. ʻO kāna kumu ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio ʻikepili ʻole ma waena o ka mea heluhelu a me ka tag e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻana i ka pahuhopu. kaʻa puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu kaʻa, ka mana komo, ka hoʻokele kaʻa, ka mīkini laina hana, ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana RFID piha ʻo Reader, Electronic Tag a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele data.
(2)NFC
ʻO ka inoa piha Kina o NFC ʻo Near Field Communication Technology.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka NFC ma ke kumu o ka ʻenehana hōʻike ʻike lekiō non-contact (RFID) a hui pū ʻia me ka ʻenehana interconnection.Hāʻawi ia i kahi ala kamaʻilio palekana a wikiwiki hoʻi no nā huahana uila like ʻole e lilo a kaulana loa i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā.ʻO ka "kokoke kahua" ma ka inoa Kina o NFC e pili ana i nā nalu lekiō kokoke i ke kahua electromagnetic.
Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka mana komo, ka hele ʻana, nā malihini, ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka hālāwai kūkā, patrol a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.Loaʻa i ka NFC nā hana e like me ka pilina kanaka-kamepiula a me ka launa pū ʻana me ka mīkini.
(3) Bluetooth
ʻO ka ʻenehana Bluetooth kahi kikoʻī ākea ākea no ka ʻikepili uila a me ke kamaʻilio leo.ʻO ia kahi pilina ʻenehana uʻi pōkole kūikawā e pili ana i kahi pili uila pōkole haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻokumu i kahi kamaʻilio kamaʻilio no nā mea paʻa a me nā polokalamu kelepona.
Hiki i ke Bluetooth ke hoʻololi i ka ʻike ma waena o nā mea he nui e like me nā kelepona paʻalima, nā PDA, nā poʻomanaʻo ʻole, nā kamepiula puke, a me nā peripheral pili.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana "Bluetooth" hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ka kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā mea kelepona kamaʻilio kelepona, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi hoʻi i ke kamaʻilio ma waena o ka mea hana a me ka Pūnaewele, i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili, a hoʻonui i ke ala no ke kamaʻilio uila.
4. Kūkākūkā uea
(1)USB
ʻO USB, ka pōkole o English Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), kahi maʻamau kaʻa waho i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka pilina a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā kamepiula a me nā polokalamu waho.ʻO ia ka ʻenehana kikowaena i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua PC.
(2) Kūkākūkā kamaʻilio serial
ʻO ka protocol communication serial e pili ana i nā kikoʻī pili e kuhikuhi ana i ka ʻike o ka ʻeke ʻikepili, ʻo ia hoʻi ka bit hoʻomaka, ka ʻikepili kino, ka bit check a me ka bit stop.Pono nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e ʻae i ka hōʻano paʻa paʻa ʻikepili e hoʻouna maʻamau a loaʻa i ka ʻikepili.Ma ke kamaʻilio serial, ʻo nā protocol i hoʻohana mau ʻia me RS-232, RS-422 a me RS-485.
ʻO ke kamaʻilio Serial e pili ana i kahi ala kamaʻilio kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai ka ʻikepili ma waena o nā peripheral a me nā kamepiula.Ke hoʻohana nei kēia ala kamaʻilio i nā laina ʻikepili liʻiliʻi, hiki ke mālama i nā kumukūʻai kamaʻilio ma ke kamaʻilio lōʻihi, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona wikiwiki ma mua o ka hoʻoili like ʻana.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kamepiula (ʻaʻole me nā puke puke) ʻelua mau awa serial RS-232.ʻO ke kamaʻilio Serial kekahi protocol kamaʻilio maʻamau no nā mea kani a me nā mea hana.
(3) ʻEnelani
ʻO Ethernet kahi ʻenehana LAN kamepiula. ʻO ka maʻamau IEEE 802.3 ka maʻamau ʻenehana no Ethernet, kahi e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka pilina papa kino, ka hōʻailona uila a me ka protocol layer access media??
(4)MBus
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana heluhelu mika mamao MBus (symphonic mbus) he kaʻa kaʻa 2-wire maʻamau ʻEulopa, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea hana e like me ka mika wela a me ka mīkini mika wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-07-2021
